The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.